Moses and Pharaoh

• Exodus 3:1-6

God appears at Horeb in a bush that burns without being consumed and identifies the ground as holy.

• Q 20:9-24
• Q 27:7-12
• Q 28:29-35

Moses sees a fire by the side of Mount Sinai or in the sacred valley of Tuwa, hears God, and receives signs; some retellings mention a blessed spot and a tree, but the continuous burning-bush image is not repeated in each account.

• Exodus 3:13-15
• Exodus 6:2-8

God discloses 'I AM WHO I AM' and the covenant name Yahweh, linking the commission to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

• Q 20:12-14
• Q 27:9

God identifies Himself as Allah, declares that there is no god but Him, and commands Moses to worship and pray; the 'I AM' formula and Yahweh spelling do not appear in the English text.

• Exodus 4:10-16
• Exodus 7:8-20
• Exodus 8:5-17

Because Moses objects to speaking, Aaron is appointed as his mouth. Aaron performs several signs with his staff before Pharaoh.

• Q 20:25-36
• Q 26:12-15
• Q 28:33-35

Moses asks for Aaron as a helper because Aaron is more eloquent, but the contest scenes normally place Moses' own staff and hand at the center.

• Exodus 3:18
• Exodus 5:1-3
• Exodus 7:16

Moses asks Pharaoh to let Israel travel into the wilderness to hold a feast and sacrifice to Yahweh, while the broader commission is permanent deliverance.

• Q 20:47-55
• Q 26:16-28
• Q 79:17-24

Moses calls Pharaoh to purity and guidance, commands him to send the Children of Israel, and confronts his claim to lordship.

• Exodus 2:5-15
• Exodus 5:1-23

Exodus narrates Moses' upbringing in Pharaoh's household and his killing of an Egyptian, but no later dialogue has Pharaoh confront him with those facts.

• Q 26:18-21

Pharaoh directly reminds Moses that he was raised in the palace and committed the deed of killing a man; Moses acknowledges acting while mistaken and fleeing.

• Exodus 7:8-13
• Exodus 7:22
• Exodus 8:7
• Exodus 8:18-19

Pharaoh's magicians imitate the staff-serpent sign and the first two plagues, then fail at the gnats and say, 'This is the finger of God.' No conversion of the magicians is narrated.

• Q 7:109-122
• Q 20:56-70
• Q 26:34-48

A public contest is arranged for a festival day. The magicians cast ropes or staffs that appear to move; Moses' staff swallows their illusion, and they immediately prostrate and believe in the Lord of Moses and Aaron.

• Exodus 7:8-13
• Exodus 8:18-19

Exodus records no threat to amputate and crucify the magicians, because it does not narrate their conversion.

• Q 7:123-126
• Q 20:71-73
• Q 26:49-51

Pharaoh threatens to cut off their hands and feet on opposite sides and crucify them, but they remain faithful.

• Exodus 7:14-12:32

Exodus narrates water turned to blood, frogs, gnats, flies, livestock disease, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the death of firstborn sons.

• Q 7:130-136
• Q 17:101
• Q 27:12

The retellings name years of drought and crop shortage, flood, locusts, lice, frogs, blood, Moses' staff and shining hand, and refer to nine signs. They do not narrate the complete Exodus ten-plague sequence in one place.

• Exodus 11:1-12:32
• Exodus 12:43-51

The final plague kills Egypt's firstborn. Israel marks doors with lamb's blood, eats the Passover meal, and receives an annual memorial command.

• Q 7:130-137
• Q 10:75-93
• Q 20:43-79
• Q 26:10-68

The Moses-Pharaoh passages do not narrate a firstborn plague, Passover lamb, blood-marked doors, unleavened meal, or annual Passover institution.

• Exodus 5:1-15:21

Exodus contains no extended speech by a secret believing man from Pharaoh's family defending Moses.

• Q 40:28-45

A believing man from Pharaoh's people, who had concealed his faith, argues against killing Moses and warns through earlier sacred history.

• Exodus 1:1-15:21
• Esther 3:1

Haman is not part of Exodus. Elsewhere in the Bible, Esther names a Haman as an official in the Persian court; Exodus names no official who builds a tower for Pharaoh.

• Q 28:6-8
• Q 28:38
• Q 29:39
• Q 40:23-24
• Q 40:36-37

Haman is a high figure alongside Pharaoh and Qarun. Pharaoh tells Haman to bake bricks and build a lofty tower so he may look toward the God of Moses.

• Exodus 3:21-22
• Exodus 11:2-3
• Exodus 12:35-36

Israelites ask Egyptians for silver, gold, and clothing and leave with those goods; the text describes this as plundering Egypt.

• Q 20:77
• Q 26:52-59
• Q 44:23-28

The retellings emphasize secret departure and the later inheritance of gardens, springs, treasures, and honored places; they do not reproduce the door-to-door request for Egyptian jewelry and clothing.

• Exodus 14:15-22

Moses stretches out his hand, and Yahweh drives the sea back by a strong east wind all night, making dry ground and walls of water.

• Q 20:77-78
• Q 26:60-66
• Q 44:23-24

God commands Moses to strike the sea with his staff; it parts into divisions like mountains, and Israel crosses.

• Exodus 14:23-30

Pharaoh's chariots, horsemen, and army pursue Israel into the sea and are overwhelmed. Exodus records no final confession by Pharaoh and does not separately state Pharaoh's personal fate.

• Q 10:90-91

As drowning overtakes him, Pharaoh declares belief in the God of the Children of Israel, but the confession is rejected as too late.

• Exodus 14:26-31

Exodus says Pharaoh's forces are covered by the sea and Israel sees Egyptians dead on the shore, but it does not separately describe what happens to Pharaoh's body.

• Q 10:92

God says, "Today We will save you in body" so Pharaoh may be a sign to those after him; the verse does not mention mummification.

• Exodus 15:1-21

Moses and Israel sing a long victory song, and Miriam leads women with tambourines and dancing.

• Q 7:136-138
• Q 10:92-93
• Q 20:78-80
• Q 26:65-68

The retellings move from drowning and deliverance to warning, inheritance, or later wilderness events without reproducing the Song of Moses or Miriam's song.